This work sprang from the bony attachment sites of the diaphragm muscle of a Blacktailed Jackrabbit.

OUR STUDIES

Bramble, D. M. and D. R. Carrier. (1983). Running and breathing in mammals. Science 219, 251-256. Full text of this article in PDF

Carrier, D. R. (1984). The energetic paradox of human running and hominid evolution. Cur. Anthro. 25, 483-495. Full text of this article in PDF

Carrier, D. R. (1987). The evolution of locomotor stamina in tetrapods: circumventing a mechanical constraint. Paleobiology 13, 326-341. Full text of this article in PDF

Carrier, D. R. (1987). Lung ventilation during walking and running in four species of lizards. Exp. Biol. 47, 33-42. Full test of this article in PDF

Carrier, D. R. (1989). Ventilatory action of the hypaxial muscles of Iguana iguana: a function of slow muscle. J. Exp. Biol. 143, 435-457. Full text of this article in PDF

Carrier, D. R. (1990). Activity of the hypaxial muscles during walking in the lizard Iguana iguana. J. Exp. Biol. 152, 453-470. Full text of this article in PDF

Carrier, D. R. (1991). Conflict in the hypaxial musculo-skeletal system: documenting an evolutionary constraint. Amer. Zool. 31, 644-656. Full text of this article in PDF

Carrier, D. R. (1996). Function of the intercostal muscles in trotting dogs: ventilation or locomotion? J. Exp. Biol. 199, 1455-1465. Full text of this article in PDF

Wang, T., D. R. Carrier, and J. W. Hicks. (1997). Ventilation and gas exchange in lizards during treadmill exercise. J. Exp. Biol. 200, 2629-2639. Full text of this article in PDF

Simmons, A. D., D. R. Carrier, C. G. Farmer, and C. Gregerson. (1997). Lack of locomotor - cardiac coupling in dogs. Amer. J. Physiol. 273, R1352-R1360. Full text of this article in PDF

Farmer, C. G. and D. R. Carrier. (2000). Pelvic aspiration in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). J. Exp. Biol. 203, 1679-1687. Full text of this article in PDF

Farmer, C. G. and D. R. Carrier. (2000). Ventilation and gas exchange during walking in the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). J. Exp. Biol. 203, 1671-1678. Full text of this article in PDF

Farmer, C. G. and D. R. Carrier. (2000). Respiration and gas exchange during recovery from treadmill-locomotion in the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Respiration Physiology 120, 67-73. Full text of this article in PDF

Carrier, D. R. and C. G.Farmer. (2000). The evolution of pelvic aspiration in archosaurs. Paleobiology 26, 271-293. Full text of this article in PDF

Carrier, D. R. and C. G. Farmer. (2000). The Integration of Ventilation and Locomotion in Archosaurs. Amer. Zool. 40, 87-100. Full text of this article in PDF

Nassar, P., A. Jackson, and D. R. Carrier. (2001). Entraining the natural frequencies of running and breathing in guinea fowl. J. Exp. Biol. 204, 1641-1651. Full text of this article in PDF

Deban, S. M. and D. R. Carrier. (2002). Hypaxial muscle activity during running and breathing in dogs. J. Exp. Biol. 205, 1953-1967. Full text if this article in PDF

Seymour, R. S., C. L. Bennett-Stamper, S. D. Johnston, D. R. Carrier and G. C. Grigg. (2004). Evidence for endothermic ancestors of crocodiles at the stem of archosaur evolution. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 77, 1051-1067. Full text of this article in PDF

Codd, J. R., D. F. Boggs, S. F. Perry and D. R. Carrier. (2005). Activity of three muscles associated with the uncinate processes of the giant Canada goose Branta canadensis maximus. J. Exp. Biol. 208, 849-857. Full text of this article in PDF

Markely, J. S. and D. R. Carrier. (2010). The cost of ventilation in birds measured via unidirectional artificial ventilation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A 155, 146-153. Full text of this article in PDF

Daley, M. A., D. M. Bramble, and D. R. Carrier. (2013). Impact Loading and Locomotor-Respiratory Coordination Significantly Influence Breathing Dynamics in Running Humans. PloS one, 8(8), e70752. Full text of this article in PDF

 

SELECTED RELATED STUDIES BY OTHERS

Garlando, F., Kohl, J., Koller, E. A. and Pietsch, P. (1985). Effect of coupling the breathing-and cycling rhythms on oxygen uptake during bicycle ergometry. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology 54, 497-501.

Baudinette, R. V., Gannon, B. J., Runciman, W. B., Wells, S. and Love, J. B. (1987). Do cardiorespiratory frequencies show entrainment with hopping in the tammar wallaby? Journal of Experimental Biology 129, 251-263.

Jenkins, F. A., Dial, K. P. and Goslow, G. E. (1988). A cineradiographic analysis of bird flight: the wishbone in starlings is a spring. Science 241, 1495-1498.

Bramble, D. M. (1989). Axial-Appendicular Dynamics and the Integration of Breathing and Gait in Mammal. American Zoologist 29, 171-186.

Banzett, R. B., Mead, J. E. R. E., Reid, M. B. and Topulos, G. P. (1992). Locomotion in men has no appreciable mechanical effect on breathing. Journal of Applied Physiology 72, 1922-1926.

Banzett, R. B., Nations, C. S., Wang, N., Butler, J. P. and Lehr, J. L. (1992). Mechanical independence of wingbeat and breathing in starlings. Respiration physiology 89, 27-36.

Young, I. S., Alexander, R., Woakes, A. J., Butler, P. J. and Anderson, L. (1992). The synchronization of ventilation and locomotion in horses (Equus caballus). Journal of experimental biology 166, 19-31.

Young, I. S., Warren, R. D. and Altringham, J. D. (1992). Some properties of the mammalian locomotory and respiratory systems in relation to body mass. Journal of experimental biology 164, 283-294.

Funk, G. D., Steeves, J. D. and Milsom, W. K. (1992). Coordination of wingbeat and respiration in birds. II." Fictive" flight. Journal of Applied Physiology 73, 1025-1033.

Funk, G. D., Milsom, W. K. and Steeves, J. D. (1992). Coordination of wingbeat and respiration in the Canada goose. I. Passive wing flapping. Journal of applied physiology 73, 1014-1024.

Funk, G. D., Sholomenko, G. N., Valenzuela, I. J., Steeves, J. D. and Milsom, W. K. (1993). Coordination of wing beat and respiration in Canada geese during free flight. Journal of experimental biology 175, 317-323.

Brainerd, E. L., Ditelberg, J. S. and Bramble, D. M. (1993). Lung ventilation in salamanders and the evolution of vertebrate air-breathing mechanisms. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 49, 163-183.

Bramble, D. M., and Jenkins, F. A. (1993). Mammalian locomotor-respiratory integration: implications for diaphragmatic and pulmonary design. Science 262, 235-240.

Butler, P. J., Woakes, A. J., Anderson, L. S., Roberts, C. A., and Marlin, D. J. (1993). Stride length and respiratory tidal volume in exercising thoroughbred horses. Respiration physiology 93, 51-56.

Butler, P. J., Woakes, A. J., Smale, K., Roberts, C. A., Hillidge, C. J., Snow, D. H. and Marlin, D. J. (1993). Respiratory and cardiovascular adjustments during exercise of increasing intensity and during recovery in thoroughbred racehorses. Journal of Experimental Biology 179, 159-180.

Ainsworth, D. M., Smith, C. A., Henderson, K. S. and Dempsey, J. A. (1996). Breathing during exercise in dogs--passive or active?. Journal of Applied Physiology 81, 586-595.

Ainsworth, D. M., Smith, C. A., Eicker, S. W., Ducharme, N. G., Henderson, K. S., Snedden, K. and Dempsey, J. A. (1997). Pulmonary-locomotory interactions in exercising dogs and horses. Respiration physiology 110, 287-294.

Lee, H. T., and Banzett, R. B. (1997). Mechanical links between locomotion and breathing: can you breathe with your legs?. Physiology, 12(6), 273-278.

Boggs, D., Jenkins, F., & Dial, K. (1997). The effects of the wingbeat cycle on respiration in black-billed magpies (Pica pica). Journal of Experimental Biology 200, 1403-1412.

Entin, P. L., Robertshaw, D. and Rawson, R. E. (1999). Effect of locomotor respiratory coupling on respiratory evaporative heat loss in the sheep. Journal of Applied Physiology 87, 1887-1893.

Owerkowicz, T., Farmer, C. G., Hicks, J. W. and Brainerd, E. L. (1999). Contribution of gular pumping to lung ventilation in monitor lizards. Science 284, 1661-1663.

Weinstein, R. B. and Full, R. J. (1999). Intermittent locomotion increases endurance in a gecko. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 72, 732-739.

Farmer, C. G. (1999). Evolution of the vertebrate cardio-pulmonary system. Annual review of physiology 61, 573-592.

Hicks, J. W. and Farmer, C. G. (1999). Gas exchange potential in reptilian lungs: implications for the dinosaur–avian connection. Respiration physiology 117, 73-83.

Simons, R. S. (1999). Running, breathing and visceral motion in the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): testing visceral displacement hypotheses. The Journal of experimental biology, 202(5), 563-577.

Brainerd, E. L. (1999). New perspectives on the evolution of lung ventilation mechanisms in vertebrates. Experimental Biology Online 4, 1-28.

Farmer, C. G. (2000). Parental care: the key to understanding endothermy and other convergent features in birds and mammals. The American Naturalist 155, 326-334.

Janis, C. M. and Keller, J. C. (2001). Modes of ventilation in early tetrapods: Costal aspiration as a key feature of amniotes. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 46, 137-170.

Boggs, D. F., Baudinette, R. V., Frappell, P. B. and Butler, P. J. (2001). The influence of locomotion on air-sac pressures in little penguins. Journal of Experimental Biology 204, 3581-3586.

Boggs, D. F. (2002). Interactions between locomotion and ventilation in tetrapods. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 133, 269-288.

Landberg, T., Mailhot, J. D. and Brainerd, E. L. (2003). Lung ventilation during treadmill locomotion in a terrestrial turtle, Terrapene carolina. Journal of Experimental Biology206, 3391-3404.

Klein, W., Andrade, D. V., Abe, A. S. and Perry, S. F. (2003). Role of the post-hepatic septum on breathing during locomotion in Tupinambis merianae (Reptilia: Teiidae). Journal of experimental biology 206, 2135-2143.

Munns, S. L., Hartzler, L. K., Bennett, A. F. and Hicks, J. W. (2004). Elevated intra-abdominal pressure limits venous return during exercise in Varanus exanthematicus. Journal of experimental biology 207, 4111-4120.

Codd, J. R. (2004). The uncinate processes in birds and their implications for the breathing mechanics of maniraptoran dinosaurs. University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Univesitat. p, 108.

Claessens, L. P. (2004). Archosaurian respiration and the pelvic girdle aspiration breathing of crocodyliforms. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 271, 1461-1465.

Munns, S. L., Hartzler, L. K., Bennett, A. F. and Hicks, J. W. (2005). Terrestrial locomotion does not constrain venous return in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis. Journal of experimental biology 208, 3331-3339.

Brainerd, E. L. and Owerkowicz, T. (2006). Functional morphology and evolution of aspiration breathing in tetrapods. Respiratory physiology & neurobiology 154, 73-88.

Schwarz-Wings, D., Frey, E. and Martin, T. (2009). Reconstruction of the bracing system of the trunk and tail in hyposaurine dyrosaurids (Crocodylomorpha; Mesoeucrocodylia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29, 453-472.

Landberg, T., Mailhot, J. D. and Brainerd, E. L. (2009). Lung ventilation during treadmill locomotion in a semi‐aquatic turtle, Trachemys scripta. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology 311, 551-562.

Klein, W. and Codd, J. R. (2010). Breathing and locomotion: Comparative anatomy, morphology and function. Respiratory physiology and neurobiology 173, S26-S32.

Fechner, R. and Schwarz‐Wings, D. (2013). The Muscles of the Infrapubic Abdominal Wall of a 6‐month‐old Crocodylus niloticus (Reptilia: Crocodylia). Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 42, 175-182.

Cieri, R. L., Craven, B. A., Schachner, E. R. and Farmer, C. G. (2014). New insight into the evolution of the vertebrate respiratory system and the discovery of unidirectional airflow in iguana lungs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, 17218-17223.

Geist, N. R., Hillenius, W. J., Frey, E., Jones, T. D. and Elgin, R. A. (2014). Breathing in a box: Constraints on lung ventilation in giant pterosaurs. The Anatomical Record 297, 2233-2253.

Hessler, E. E. and Amazeen, P. G. (2014). Learning and transfer in motor-respiratory coordination. Human Movement Science 33, 321-342.

Cazzola, D., Alberti, G., Ongaro, L. and Minetti, A. E. (2014). The vertical excursion of the body visceral mass during vertical jumps is affected by specific respiratory maneuver. Human movement science 33, 369-380.

Stickford, A. S. and Stickford, J. L. (2014). Ventilation and Locomotion in Humans: Mechanisms, Implications, and Perturbations to the Coupling of These Two Rhythms. Springer Science Reviews, 2, 95-118.

Farmer, C. G. (2015). The evolution of unidirectional pulmonary airflow. Physiology 30, 260-272.

Stickford, A. S., Stickford, J. L., Tanner, D. A., Stager, J. M. and Chapman, R. F. (2015). Runners maintain locomotor–respiratory coupling following isocapnic voluntary hyperpnea to task failure. European Journal of Applied Physiology 115, 2395-2405.

Herzog, W., Killick, A. and Boldt, K. R. (2015). Energetic Considerations in Cross-Country Skiing. In Sports Performance (pp. 247-260). Springer Japan.